### 解法不只一種，此處只提供參考解法，並非唯一解答，只要符合題目要求，都算答對。 ###



### Chatper 4

### 練習 4-2-1 ###

# 對題目與變數的認知

apples = 5
oranges = 10
fruits = apples + oranges
apples = 20
fruits = apples + oranges



### 練習 4-2-2 ###

# 對變數的認知
# python 中的內建函式，若是當成一個變數，你可以對其指派，但是指派後就不能再次當函式使用了
# 修改只需要把第一行程式碼去掉或註解掉即可

#int = 100		# 錯誤。對內建函式進行了變數指派，導致後面 int 方法不能使用
a = '200'
b = int(a)
print(b)



### 練習 4-3-1 ###

(1) >>> str(True)		# 結果為 'True'
(2) >>> float(3)		# 結果為 3.0
(3) >>> str(3.8)		# 結果為 '3.8'
(4) >>> int(0.5)		# 結果為 0
(5) >>> str('4')		# 結果為 '4'，將 str('4')，型別還是 str 



### 練習 4-4-1 ###

song = input('Tell me your favorite song: ')
print(song)
print(song)
print(song)



### 練習 4-4-2 ###

# 方法一：使用字串的 + 在 print() 中
name = input('What's your name? ')
age = int(input('How old are you? '))
older = age + 25
print('Hi ' + name + '! In 25 years you will be ' + str(older) + '!')



# 方法二：使用 print 的 ,
name = input("What's your name? ")
age = int(input('How old are you? '))
older = age + 25
print('Hi ', name, '! In 25 years you will be ', older, '!', sep = '')



# 方法三：使用 print 的 %
name = input("What's your name? ")
age = int(input('How old are you? '))
older = age + 25
print('Hi %s! In 25 years you will be %d!' %(name, older))



# 方法四：使用 print 的 format() 方法
name = input("What's your name? ")
age = int(input('How old are you? '))
older = age + 25
print('Hi {}! In 25 years you will be {}!'.format(name, older))



### 練習 4-5-1 ###

b = int(input('Enter a number: '))
e = int(input('Enter another number: '))
b_e = b ** e
print('b to the power of e is', b_e)



### 練習 4-5-1 ###

num1 = int(input('Enter a number: '))
num2 = int(input('Enter another number: '))

print('{} + {} = {}'.format(num1, num2, num1 + num2))
print('{} - {} = {}'.format(num1, num2, num1 - num2))
print('{} * {} = {}'.format(num1, num2, num1 * num2))
print('{} / {} = {}'.format(num1, num2, num1 / num2))
print('{} % {} = {}'.format(num1, num2, num1 % num2))
print('{} // {} = {}'.format(num1, num2, num1 // num2))



### Chatper 5

### 練習 5-1 ###

pi = 3.14
radius = int(input('請輸入半徑 (Enter the radius): '))

diameter =  2 * radius    # 使用公式計算直徑
circle_area = pi * radius * radius    # 使用公式計算圓面積
circumference = pi * 2 * radius    # 使用公式計算圓周長

print('圓的直徑為: ', diameter)
print('圓面積為: ', circle_area)
print('圓的周長為: ', circumference)



### Chatper 6

### 練習 6-1-1 ###

s = 'Guten Morgen'
s[2:5].upper()



### 練習 6-1-2 ###

s = 'RaceTrack'
s[1:4].captalize()



### 練習 6-2-1 ###

s = 'Eat Work Play Sleep repeat'
s = s.replace(' ', 'ing ')
s = s[7:22]
s = s.lower()
print(s)



### 練習 6-2-2 ###

s = 'For Tommy and Gina who never backed down.'
print(s)
name1 = input('please enter first name: ')
name2 = input('please enter second name: ')
s = s.replace('Tommy and Gina', name1.capitalize() + ' and ' + name2.capitalize())
print(s * 3)



### 練習 6-2-3 ###

word = 'TY, pls check for me'
word_new = word.replace('TY', 'Thank you')
word_new = word_new.replace('pls', 'please')
print('網路用語: ' + word + ' 的原始意思是: ' + word_new)



### Chatper 7

### 練習 7-1-1 ###

if 有放假 then 看電影



### 練習 7-1-2 ###

var = 0

if type(var) == int:
    print("I'm a numbers person.")

if type(var) == str:
    print("I'm a words person.")



### 練習 7-1-3 ###

words = input('Tell me anything: ')

if ' ' in words:
    print('This string has spaces.')



### 練習 7-1-4 ###

print('Guess my number! ')
secret = 7

num = int(input("What's your guess? (0-99): "))

if num < secret:
    print('Too low.')

if num > secret:
    print('Too high.')

if num == secret:
    print('You got it!')



### 練習 7-1-5 ###

num = int(input('Tell me a number: '))

if num >= 0:
    print('Absolute value:', num)

if num < 0:
    print('Absolute value:', -num)



### 練習 7-2-1 ###

num1 = int(input('One number: '))
num2 = int(input('Another number: '))

if num1 < num2:
    print('first number is less than the second number')
elif num2 < num1:
    print('first number is greater than the second number')
else:
    print('numbers are equal')



### 練習 7-2-2 ###

words = input('Enter anything: ')

if 'a' in words and 'e' in words and 'i' in words and 'o' in words and 'u' in words:
    print('You have all the vowels!')

if words[0] == 'a' and words[-1] == 'z':
    print('And it’s sort of alphabetical!')



### Chatper 8

### 練習 8-1-1 ###

# 修正後的程式碼
num = 8
guess = int(input('Guess my number: '))

while guess != num:
    guess = int(input('Guess again: '))

print('Right!')



### 練習 8-1-2 ###

play = input('Play? y or yes: ')

while play == 'y' or play == 'yes':
    num = 8
    guess = int(input('Guess a number! '))
    
    while guess != num:
        guess = int(input('Guess again: '))
        
    print('Right!')
    play = input('Play? y or yes: ')
    
print('See you later!')



### 練習 8-2-1 ###

counter = 0

for num in range(1, 100):
    if num % 3 == 0:
        counter += 1

print(counter, 'numbers are even and divisible by 3')



### 練習 8-2-2 ###

layer = int(input('請問要幾層：'))

for i in range(layer):
    print(' ' * (layer -1 - i) + '*' * (i * 2 + 1))



### 練習 8-3-1 ###

names = input('Tell me some names, separated by spaces: ')
name = ''

for ch in names:
    if ch == ' ':
        print('Hi', name)
        name = ''
    else:
        name += ch
    
# 需額外處理最後一個名字，因為最後一個名字之後沒有空白
lastspace = names.rfind(' ')
print('Hi', names[lastspace + 1:])



### 練習 8-3-2 ###

wish_list = ()
item = input('What do you want to buy? ')

while (item != '沒了'):
    wish_list = wish_list + (item, )
    item = input('What do you want to buy? ')

print('你購買的物品如下：')

for e in wish_list:
  print('● ' + e)



### Chatper 9

### 練習 9-2-1 ###

def calculate_total(price, percent):
    '''
    price, float
    percent, int
    calculate the total check including tips
    Returns total, float
    '''
    price, 
    tip = price * percent / 100
    total = price + tip
    return total



### 練習 9-2-2 ###

calculate_total(20, 15)



### 練習 9-2-3 ###

my_price = 78.55
my_tip = 20
total = calculate_total(my_price, my_tip)
print('Total is: ', total)



### 練習 9-2-4 ###

def calculator(x, y):
    '''
    x, float
    y, float
    calculate the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
    Returns show 'Done!'
    '''
    print('%.1f + %.1f = %.1f' % (x, y, x + y))
    print('%.1f - %.1f = %.1f' % (x, y, x - y))
    print('%.1f * %.1f = %.1f' % (x, y, x * y))
    print('%.1f / %.1f = %.1f' % (x, y, x / y))
    return print('Done!')

calculator(2, 4)



### 練習 10-1 ###

one 是不可變物件
age 是可變物件



### 練習 10-2-1 ###

# 方法一
list(range(1,20,2))



### 練習 10-2-2 ###

# 方法一
str1 = list('machineLearning')



### 練習 11-1-1 ###

def get_area(self):
    """ returns area of a circle """
    return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2

# 測試該方法
a = Circle()
print(a.get_area())	# 應該為 0
a.change_radius(3)
print(a.get_area())	# 應該為 28.26



### 練習 11-1-2 ###

def get_area(self):
    """ returns area of a rectangle """
    return self.length * self.width

def get_perimeter(self):
    """ returns perimeter of a rectangle """
    return self.length * 2 + self.width * 2

# 測試該方法
a_rectangle = Rectangle(6, 2)
print(a_rectangle.get_area())			# 應該為 12
print(a_rectangle.get_perimeter())		# 應該為 16